Russia Tightens Crypto Grip: New Framework Funnels Trading Through Licensed Intermediaries

Russia's government just approved a sweeping crypto regulatory package that fundamentally reshapes how Russians can trade digital assets. The Finance Ministry announced Monday that the approved bills would mandate all domestic crypto trading flow through licensed intermediaries while imposing strict caps on retail participation.

The Core Rules: Control Through Intermediaries

Here's what changed: transactions involving digital currencies without regulated intermediaries are now prohibited. This isn't a ban on crypto itself—it's a structural overhaul designed to centralize trading infrastructure under state supervision.

The framework targets retail investors particularly hard. Under the new rules, non-qualified investors must pass a test before trading and face an annual purchase cap of 300,000 rubles ($3,700) per year through any single intermediary. The Bank of Russia will define which "most liquid digital currencies" qualify for retail access, essentially giving the central bank gatekeeping power over which assets ordinary Russians can buy.

That said, the government isn't completely locking citizens out. Residents can still purchase crypto abroad using foreign accounts—provided they report those transactions to tax authorities. This signals Moscow's real objective: domestication of crypto trading, not elimination.

Licensing Regime and Institutional Requirements

The approved package encompasses multiple bills covering digital currencies, digital rights, amendments to existing Russian legislation, and updates to the administrative offenses code. The regulatory structure creates a formal licensing regime for crypto exchanges, custodial services, and digital asset operators.

Banks and brokers get conditional approval to participate, but they must comply with specific prudential requirements. Organizations that violate these rules face administrative liability, and the government is explicitly targeting unlicensed intermediaries through enforcement mechanisms built into the code.

Why Critics Think This Backfires

This is where the crypto analysis gets interesting. Industry observers are sounding alarms that Russia's approach could achieve the opposite of its stated goals.

Sergey Mendeleev, founder of Exved, put it bluntly to us: "At a time when the rest of the world is moving toward liberalizing access to equity markets through tokenization, we are, for some reason, doing the opposite." He predicts the rules will push activity underground rather than regulate it effectively, comparing it to how casino prohibition historically failed. "People won't play less, but everything will move out of state control into online and underground venues," he said.